components of hybrid electric vehicle
Components of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent a sophisticated integration of conventional and electric propulsion systems. The primary components include an internal combustion engine, electric motor, power split device, battery pack, and power control unit. The internal combustion engine operates as the main power source, while the electric motor provides supplementary power during acceleration and can operate independently at low speeds. The power split device, typically a planetary gear set, efficiently manages power distribution between the engine and electric motor. The high-voltage battery pack, usually lithium-ion or nickel-metal hydride, stores electrical energy captured through regenerative braking and powers the electric motor. The power control unit serves as the vehicle's brain, optimizing the interaction between components to maximize efficiency. Additional components include the generator, which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, and the DC/DC converter that manages voltage levels between the high-voltage battery and low-voltage vehicle systems. These components work in harmony to deliver improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and enhanced performance compared to conventional vehicles.