define hybrid electric vehicle
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) represents a sophisticated blend of conventional internal combustion engine technology and electric propulsion systems. These vehicles utilize two distinct power sources: a traditional gasoline engine and one or more electric motors powered by a battery pack. The defining characteristic of HEVs is their ability to automatically switch between these power sources or use them simultaneously to maximize efficiency and performance. The system incorporates regenerative braking, which captures energy typically lost during braking and converts it into electricity to recharge the battery. Advanced power management systems continuously monitor driving conditions, power demands, and battery levels to optimize the use of both power sources. Modern HEVs feature sophisticated electronic control units that manage power distribution, ensuring seamless transitions between electric and gasoline power. These vehicles often include smart charging systems that maintain optimal battery levels without requiring external charging, differentiating them from plug-in hybrids. The technology incorporates various driving modes, allowing drivers to prioritize either performance or fuel efficiency based on their needs. The integration of these systems results in significantly reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions compared to conventional vehicles, while maintaining or exceeding traditional performance expectations.